Microwave-Enabled Two-Step Scheme for Continuous Variable Quantum Communications in Integrated Superconducting

Yun Mao, Lei Mao, Wanyi Wang, Yijun Wang (), Hang Zhang () and Ying Guo
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Yun Mao: College of Information Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory of Informational Service for Rural Area of Southwestern Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
Lei Mao: School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Wanyi Wang: School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Yijun Wang: School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Hang Zhang: School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Ying Guo: School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Mathematics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 20, 1-14

Abstract: Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is convenient for the direct transmission of secure messages without requiring a prior key exchange by two participants, offering an elegant advantage in transmission security. The traditional implementations usually focus on the discrete-variable (DV) system, whereas its continuous-variable (CV) counterpart has attracted much attention due to its compatibility with existing optical infrastructure. In order to address its practical deployment in harsh environments, we propose a microwave-based scheme for the CV-QSDC that leverages entangled microwave quantum states through free-space channels in cryogenic environments. The two-step scheme is designed for the secure direct communication, where the classical messages can be encoded by using Gaussian modulation and then transmitted via displacement operations on microwave quantum states. The data processing procedures involve microwave entangled state generation, channel detection, parameter estimation, and so on. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the microwave-based CV-QSDC, highlighting its potential for secure communication in integrated superconducting and solid-state quantum technologies.

Keywords: quantum secure direct communication; quantum communications; quantum cryptography (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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