A Distributed Energy-Throughput Efficient Cross-Layer Framework Using Hybrid Optimization Algorithm

Pratap Singh, Nitin Mittal, Vikas Mittal, Tapankumar Trivedi, Ashish Singh, Szymon Łukasik and Rohit Salgotra ()
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Pratap Singh: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar 125001, India
Nitin Mittal: Department of Industry 4.0, Shri Vishwakarma Skill University, Palwal 121102, India
Vikas Mittal: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
Tapankumar Trivedi: Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, India
Ashish Singh: NIMS School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303121, India
Szymon Łukasik: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Rohit Salgotra: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

Mathematics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 2, 1-20

Abstract: Magnetic induction (MI)-operated wireless sensor networks (WSNs), due to their similar performance in air, underwater, and underground mediums, are rapidly emerging networks that offer a wide range of applications, including mine prevention, power grid maintenance, underground pipeline monitoring, and upstream oil monitoring. MI-based wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), utilizing small antenna coils, offer a viable solution by providing consistent channel conditions. The cross-layer protocols address the specific challenges of WUSNs, leading to improved network performance and enhanced operational capabilities in real-world applications. This work proposes a distributed cross-layer solution, leveraging the hybrid marine predator naked mole rat algorithm (MPNMRA) for MI-operated WUSNs. The solution, called DECMN (distributed energy-throughput efficient cross-layer network using MPNMRA), is designed to optimize the MI communication channels, MI relay coils (MI waveguide), and MI waveguide with 3D coils to fulfill quality of service (QoS) parameters, while achieving energy savings and throughput gains. DECMN utilizes the interactions between various layers to develop cross-layer protocols based on MPNMRA. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of DECMN, offering energy savings, increased throughput, and reliable transmissions within the performance limits.

Keywords: distributed power control; distributed protocol; wireless underground sensor network; NMRA; MPA; MPNMRA; nature-inspired algorithms (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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