Assessing the Role of Vaccination in the Control of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Transmission

Zuhur Alqahtani, Mahmoud H. DarAssi (), Yousef AbuHour and Areej Almuneef
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Zuhur Alqahtani: Department of Mathematical Science, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Mahmoud H. DarAssi: Department of Basic Sciences, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman 11941, Jordan
Yousef AbuHour: Department of Basic Sciences, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman 11941, Jordan
Areej Almuneef: Department of Mathematical Science, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia

Mathematics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 2, 1-19

Abstract: The impact of vaccination on the dynamics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) transmission is explored in this paper, considering a fractional-order derivative system of equations. This model provides vaccination strategies and characterizes local and global stability using Lyapunov functions. This work computes the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) to represent the endemic and epidemic scenarios. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the most critical parameters responsible for the disease dissemination. Our results indicate that vaccination plays a crucial role in controlling HFMD, significantly reducing its prevalence. These findings align with existing research, supporting the importance of effective vaccination strategies and public health interventions against HFMD. The fractional-order model captures the memory effect in infectious disease dynamics, providing further insight into modeling HFMD transmission compared to a traditional integer-order model. The results would contribute to effective vaccination strategies and public health interventions against HFMD.

Keywords: hand–foot–mouth; stability analysis; Lyapunov function; sensitivity analysis; equilibria (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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