A Phenomenological Fluid–Structure Interaction Study of Plaque Rupture in Stenosed Bifurcated Elastic Arteries

Mudassar Razzaq (), Muhammad Adnan Anwar, Kaleem Iqbal, Izharul Haq and Marcel Gurris
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Mudassar Razzaq: Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Am Hochschulcampus 1, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Muhammad Adnan Anwar: Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
Kaleem Iqbal: Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
Izharul Haq: College of Sciences and Human Studies (CSHS), Department of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
Marcel Gurris: Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Am Hochschulcampus 1, 44801 Bochum, Germany

Mathematics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 4, 1-16

Abstract: Atherosclerosis is an accumulation of plaque, which can result in changes in blood flow in the vicinity, leading to severe heart attack. This paper presents a phenomenological fluid–structure interaction study of plaque rupture in stenosed bifurcated elastic arteries. We use the coupled monolithic Arbitrary Lagrange Euler (ALE) formulation for fluids and solids. We consider the Navier–Stokes equation to govern the non-Newton blood flow and linear elastic model for walls. We treat the interface as a continuum. We utilize the stable P 2 P 1 finite element pair for velocity and pressure discretization in space. The nonlinear discretized algebraic system is tackled using the Newton method, with the Jacobian matrices approximated via a divided differences approach. The resulting linear systems are addressed using the direct solver MUltifrontal Massively Parallel Sparse direct Solver (MUMPS). We then determine the wall shear stress (WSS) for both minimum and maximum times, accounting for elastic walls. The study’s findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms behind plaque rupture and aid in developing better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: bifurcation; elastic wall; finite element method (FEM); fluid–structure interaction (FSI); stenosis; wall shear stress (WSS) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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