Device Independent Quantum Private Queries Based on Quantum Key Distribution

Li Liu (), Qingshan Du and Xu Gao
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Li Liu: School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China
Qingshan Du: Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute, Xi’an 710121, China
Xu Gao: Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute, Xi’an 710121, China

Mathematics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 6, 1-18

Abstract: Symmetric private information retrieval (SPIR) protocol is proposed for users to retrieve items from a database holder without revealing the retrieval address, and meanwhile the users cannot learn any additional entries of the database. Quantum key distribution (QKD)-based quantum private queries (QPQs) are the most practical protocols for the SPIR problem. However, most existing protocols assume ideal devices. To overcome this drawback, we propose a device independent QPQ protocol based on QKD with imperfect sources and detectors. By constructing the semi-definite programming optimization problem, we give the CHSH test threshold and prove the correctness of our protocol. We use the shift and permutation post-processing technique to further improve the security. We compare the performance of our protocol with a recent full device-independent QPQ. and discuss their relative advantages. The simulation results show that our protocol improves database security, user privacy and efficiency. The number of final key bits that Alice knows is close to 1, and Bob’s guessing probability is below 0.15 in our protocol. Moreover, the proposed scheme can be used for any entanglement-based QPQ protocol to remove trust on the devices.

Keywords: quantum key distribution; quantum private queries; device independent; security analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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