Stability and Optimal Control Analysis for a Fractional-Order Industrial Virus-Propagation Model Based on SCADA System

Luping Huang, Dapeng Gao (), Shiqiang Feng and Jindong Li
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Luping Huang: College of Mathematics and Information, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
Dapeng Gao: College of Mathematics and Information, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
Shiqiang Feng: College of Mathematics and Information, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
Jindong Li: School of Mathematical Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

Mathematics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 8, 1-32

Abstract: The increasing reliance on and remote accessibility of automated industrial systems have shifted SCADA networks from being strictly isolated to becoming highly interconnected systems. The growing interconnectivity among systems enhances operational efficiency and also increases network security threats, especially attacks from industrial viruses. This paper focuses on the stability analysis and optimal control analysis for a fractional-order industrial virus-propagation model based on a SCADA system. Firstly, we prove the existence, uniqueness, non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions for the proposed model. Secondly, the basic reproduction number R 0 α is determined, which suggests the conditions for ensuring the persistence and elimination of the virus. Moreover, we investigate the local and global asymptotic stability of the derived virus-free and virus-present equilibrium points. As is known to all, there is no unified method to establish a Lyapunov function. In this paper, by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov function and applying the method of undetermined coefficients, we prove the global asymptotic stability for all possible equilibrium points. Thirdly, we formulate our system as an optimal control problem by introducing appropriate control variables and derive the corresponding optimality conditions. Lastly, a set of numerical simulations are conducted to validate the findings, followed by a summary of the overall study.

Keywords: SLBR model; Caputo fractional derivative; basic reproduction number; stability analysis; fractional optimal control; numerical simulations (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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