Probability Density Function Distance-Based Augmented CycleGAN for Image Domain Translation with Asymmetric Sample Size

Lidija Krstanović, Branislav Popović, Sebastian Baloš, Milan Narandžić and Branko Brkljač ()
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Lidija Krstanović: Department of Fundamental Disciplines in Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Branislav Popović: Department of Power, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Sebastian Baloš: Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Milan Narandžić: Department of Power, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Branko Brkljač: Department of Power, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

Mathematics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 9, 1-18

Abstract: Many image-to-image translation tasks face an inherent problem of asymmetry in the domains, meaning that one of the domains is scarce—i.e., it contains significantly less available training data in comparison to the other domain. There are only a few methods proposed in the literature that tackle the problem of training a CycleGAN in such an environment. In this paper, we propose a novel method that utilizes pdf (probability density function) distance-based augmentation of the discriminator network corresponding to the scarce domain. Namely, the method involves adding examples translated from the non-scarce domain into the pool of the discriminator corresponding to the scarce domain, but only those examples for which the assumed Gaussian pdf in VGG19 net feature space is sufficiently close to the GMM pdf that represents the relevant initial pool in the same feature space. In experiments on several datasets, the proposed method showed significantly improved characteristics in comparison with a standard unsupervised CycleGAN, as well as with Bootstraped SSL CycleGAN, where translated examples are added to the pool of the discriminator corresponding to the scarce domain, without any discrimination. Moreover, in the considered scarce scenarios, it also shows competitive results in comparison to fully supervised image-to-image translation based on the pix2pix method.

Keywords: CycleGAN; domain translation; selective data augmentation; bootstrapping; pdf distance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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