Some Diophantine Problems Related to k -Fibonacci Numbers

Pavel Trojovský and Štěpán Hubálovský
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Pavel Trojovský: Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
Štěpán Hubálovský: Department of Applied Cybernetics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

Mathematics, 2020, vol. 8, issue 7, 1-10

Abstract: Let k ≥ 1 be an integer and denote ( F k , n ) n as the k -Fibonacci sequence whose terms satisfy the recurrence relation F k , n = k F k , n − 1 + F k , n − 2 , with initial conditions F k , 0 = 0 and F k , 1 = 1 . In the same way, the k -Lucas sequence ( L k , n ) n is defined by satisfying the same recursive relation with initial values L k , 0 = 2 and L k , 1 = k . The sequences ( F k , n ) n ≥ 0 and ( L k , n ) n ≥ 0 were introduced by Falcon and Plaza, who derived many of their properties. In particular, they proved that F k , n 2 + F k , n + 1 2 = F k , 2 n + 1 and F k , n + 1 2 − F k , n − 1 2 = k F k , 2 n , for all k ≥ 1 and n ≥ 0 . In this paper, we shall prove that if k > 1 and F k , n s + F k , n + 1 s ∈ ( F k , m ) m ≥ 1 for infinitely many positive integers n , then s = 2 . Similarly, that if F k , n + 1 s − F k , n − 1 s ∈ ( k F k , m ) m ≥ 1 holds for infinitely many positive integers n , then s = 1 or s = 2 . This generalizes a Marques and Togbé result related to the case k = 1 . Furthermore, we shall solve the Diophantine equations F k , n = L k , m , F k , n = F n , k and L k , n = L n , k .

Keywords: k -Fibonacci number; k -Lucas number; Galois theory; Diophantine equation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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