An Embedding Strategy Using Q-Ary Convolutional Codes for Large and Small Payloads

Jyun-Jie Wang, Chi-Yuan Lin, Sheng-Chih Yang, Hsi-Yuan Chang and Yin-Chen Lin
Additional contact information
Jyun-Jie Wang: Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, Taiwan
Chi-Yuan Lin: Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, Taiwan
Sheng-Chih Yang: Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, Taiwan
Hsi-Yuan Chang: Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
Yin-Chen Lin: Ph. D. Program, Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, Taiwan

Mathematics, 2021, vol. 9, issue 13, 1-12

Abstract: Matrix embedding (ME) code is a commonly used steganography technique, which uses linear block codes to improve embedding efficiency. However, its main disadvantage is the inability to perform maximum likelihood decoding due to the high complexity of decoding large ME codes. As such, it is difficult to improve the embedding efficiency. The proposed q-ary embedding code can provide excellent embedding efficiency and is suitable for various embedding rates (large and small payloads). This article discusses that by using perforation technology, a convolutional code with a high embedding rate can be easily converted into a convolutional code with a low embedding rate. By keeping the embedding rate of the (2, 1) convolutional code unchanged, convolutional codes with different embedding rates can be designed through puncturing.

Keywords: q-ary codes; matrix embedding; optimal design; maximum decoding; convolutional codes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/13/1577/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/13/1577/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:13:p:1577-:d:588426

Access Statistics for this article

Mathematics is currently edited by Ms. Emma He

More articles in Mathematics from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().