Reversible Data Hiding Based on Pixel-Value-Ordering and Prediction-Error Triplet Expansion

Heng-Xiao Chi, Ji-Hwei Horng and Chin-Chen Chang
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Heng-Xiao Chi: Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
Ji-Hwei Horng: Department of Electronic Engineering, National Quemoy University, Kinmen 89250, Taiwan
Chin-Chen Chang: Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan

Mathematics, 2021, vol. 9, issue 14, 1-20

Abstract: Pixel value ordering and prediction error expansion (PVO+PEE) is a very successful reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme. A series of studies were proposed to improve the performance of the PVO-based scheme. However, the embedding capacity of those schemes is quite limited. We propose a two-step prediction-error-triplet expansion RDH scheme based on PVO. A three-dimensional state transition map for the prediction-error triplet is also proposed to guide the embedding of the two-step scheme. By properly designing the state transitions, the proposed scheme can embed secret data or expand without embedding by modifying just a single entry of the triplet. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme significantly enlarges the embedding capacity of the PVO-based scheme and further reduces the distortion due to embedding.

Keywords: reversible data hiding; pixel-value-ordering; prediction-error triplet expansion; prediction-error histogram (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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