Toward Non-Invasive Estimation of Blood Glucose Concentration: A Comparative Performance

Gustavo A. Alonso-Silverio, Víctor Francisco-García, Iris P. Guzmán-Guzmán, Elías Ventura-Molina and Antonio Alarcón-Paredes
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Gustavo A. Alonso-Silverio: Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
Víctor Francisco-García: Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
Iris P. Guzmán-Guzmán: Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
Elías Ventura-Molina: Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07700, Mexico
Antonio Alarcón-Paredes: Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz, Esq. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico

Mathematics, 2021, vol. 9, issue 20, 1-13

Abstract: The present study comprises a comparison of the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) as feature extraction methods using ten different regression algorithms (AdaBoost, Bayesian Ridge, Decision Tree, Elastic Net, k-NN, Linear Regression, MLP, Random Forest, Ridge Regression and Support Vector Regression) to quantify the blood glucose concentration. A total of 122 participants—healthy and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes—were invited to be part of this study. The entire set of participants was divided into two partitions: a training subset of 72 participants, which was intended for model selection, and a validation subset comprising the remaining 50 participants, to test the selected model. A 3D-printed chamber for providing a light-controlled environment and a low-cost microcontroller unit were used to acquire optical measurements. The MFCC, PCA and ICA were calculated by an open-hardware computing platform. The glucose levels estimated by the system were compared to actual glucose concentrations measured by venipuncture in a laboratory test, using the mean absolute error, the mean absolute percentage error and the Clarke error grid for this purpose. The best results were obtained for MCCF with AdaBoost and Random Forest (MAE = 11.6 for both).

Keywords: non-invasive glucose monitoring; medical computing; healthcare; machine learning regression models (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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