Do It by Yourself: An Instructional Derivation of the Laplacian Operator in Spherical Polar Coordinates

Ana Laura Pérez-Martínez, Maria del Pilar Aguilar-Del-Valle and Arturo Rodríguez-Gomez
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Ana Laura Pérez-Martínez: Facultad de Ingeniería, DCB, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
Maria del Pilar Aguilar-Del-Valle: Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, A.P. 20-364, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
Arturo Rodríguez-Gomez: Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, A.P. 20-364, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico

Mathematics, 2021, vol. 9, issue 22, 1-32

Abstract: For scientists and engineers, the Laplacian operator is a fundamental tool that has made it possible to carry out important frontier studies involving wave propagation, potential theory, heat conduction, the distribution of stresses in a deformable solid and quantum mechanics. Knowing, understanding, and manipulating the Laplacian operator allows us to tackle complex and exciting physics, chemistry, and engineering problems. In this paper, contained in the Special Issue “Mathematics as the M in STEM Education”, we present an instructional derivation of the Laplacian operator in spherical coordinates. Our derivation is self-contained and employs well-known mathematical concepts used in all science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Our lengthy but straightforward procedure shows that this fundamental tool in mathematics is not intractable but accessible to anyone who studies any of the STEM disciplines. We consider that this work may be helpful for students and teachers who wish to discuss the derivation of this vital tool from an elementary approach in their courses.

Keywords: Laplacian operator; spherical polar coordinates; undergraduate mathematics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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