A Comparison of Two-Stage Least Squares (TSLS) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) in Estimating the Structural Relationship between After-School Exercise and Academic Performance

Kyulee Shin, Sukkyung You and Mihye Kim
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Kyulee Shin: Department of Sports Science, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
Sukkyung You: College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul 130-791, Korea
Mihye Kim: Department of Sports Science, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea

Mathematics, 2021, vol. 9, issue 23, 1-13

Abstract: The current study examines the structural relationship between the academic performance exam scores of Korean middle school students and their after-school exercise hours. Although prior literature theoretically or experimentally predicts that these variables are positively associated, this association is difficult to empirically verify without controlling for mutual effects with other variables, or unless a full model is estimated by specifying the whole structure of all variables affecting the two variables in question. Unlike previous studies, this study estimates the structural relationship using two-stage least squares method, which does not require experimental observations collected for our particular purpose or estimating the full model. From this estimation, we empirically affirm that there is a positive structural relationship between students’ after-school exercise hours and their academic performance exam scores, whereas the ordinary least squares method consistently estimates a negative relationship.

Keywords: after-school exercise hours; academic performance; structural relationship; two-stage least squares estimation; ordinary least squares estimation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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