Global Hypothesis Test to Compare the Predictive Values of Diagnostic Tests Subject to a Case-Control Design

Saad Bouh Regad and José Antonio Roldán-Nofuentes
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Saad Bouh Regad: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit and URMCD, University of Nouakchott Alaasriya, Nouakchott BP 880, Mauritania
José Antonio Roldán-Nofuentes: Department of Statistics (Biostatistics), School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain

Mathematics, 2021, vol. 9, issue 6, 1-22

Abstract: Use of a case-control design to compare the accuracy of two binary diagnostic tests is frequent in clinical practice. This design consists of applying the two diagnostic tests to all of the individuals in a sample of those who have the disease and in another sample of those who do not have the disease. This manuscript studies the comparison of the predictive values of two diagnostic tests subject to a case-control design. A global hypothesis test, based on the chi-square distribution, is proposed to compare the predictive values simultaneously, as well as other alternative methods. The hypothesis tests studied require knowing the prevalence of the disease. Simulation experiments were carried out to study the type I errors and the powers of the hypothesis tests proposed, as well as to study the effect of a misspecification of the prevalence on the asymptotic behavior of the hypothesis tests and on the estimators of the predictive values. The proposed global hypothesis test was extended to the situation in which there are more than two diagnostic tests. The results have been applied to the diagnosis of coronary disease.

Keywords: binary diagnostic test; case-control design; predictive values; type I bivariate binomial distribution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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