Review of Lithium as a Strategic Resource for Electric Vehicle Battery Production: Availability, Extraction, and Future Prospects

Victor Osvaldo Vega-Muratalla, César Ramírez-Márquez (), Luis Fernando Lira-Barragán and José María Ponce-Ortega ()
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Victor Osvaldo Vega-Muratalla: Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio V1, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico
César Ramírez-Márquez: Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio V1, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico
Luis Fernando Lira-Barragán: Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio V1, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico
José María Ponce-Ortega: Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio V1, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico

Resources, 2024, vol. 13, issue 11, 1-20

Abstract: This article presents a comprehensive review of lithium as a strategic resource, specifically in the production of batteries for electric vehicles. This study examines global lithium reserves, extraction sources, purification processes, and emerging technologies such as direct lithium extraction methods. This paper also explores the environmental and social impacts of lithium extraction, emphasizing the need for sustainable and ethical practices within the supply chain. As electric vehicles are projected to account for over 60% of new car sales by 2030, the demand for high-performance batteries will persist, with lithium playing a key role in this transition, even with the development of alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, such as sodium and ammonium-based technologies. However, there is an urgent need for technological advancements to reduce the environmental impact of lithium production and lithium-ion battery manufacturing. Additionally, ensuring the safety of LiBs during both use and recycling stages is critical to sustainable EV adoption. This study concludes that advancements in battery recycling and the development of new technologies are essential to improving safety, reducing costs, and minimizing environmental impacts, thereby securing a sustainable lithium supply and supporting the future of electric mobility.

Keywords: lithium extraction; electric vehicles; sustainable supply chain; battery recycling; lithium-ion batteries (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jresou:v:13:y:2024:i:11:p:148-:d:1504832

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