Coastal Acid-Sulfate Soils of Kalimantan, Indonesia, for Food Security: Characteristics, Management, and Future Directions

Yiyi Sulaeman (), Eni Maftuáh, Muhammad Noor, Anna Hairani, Siti Nurzakiah, Mukhlis Mukhlis, Khairil Anwar, Arifin Fahmi, Muhammad Saleh, Izhar Khairullah, Indrastuti Apri Rumanti, Muhammad Alwi, Aidi Noor and Rina Dirgahayu Ningsih
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Yiyi Sulaeman: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Eni Maftuáh: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Muhammad Noor: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Anna Hairani: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Siti Nurzakiah: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Mukhlis Mukhlis: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Khairil Anwar: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Arifin Fahmi: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Muhammad Saleh: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Izhar Khairullah: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Indrastuti Apri Rumanti: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Muhammad Alwi: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Aidi Noor: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Rina Dirgahayu Ningsih: Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

Resources, 2024, vol. 13, issue 3, 1-26

Abstract: Coastal acid-sulfate soils are crucial for producing crops and thus, for food security. However, over time, these soil resources experience degradation, leading to higher agro-input, lower yields, and environmental hazards that finally threaten food security. The optimal use of this fragile resource is only attained by implementing vigorous integrated water–soil–crop management technologies amid the climate change impact. This study aimed to review the distribution, properties, use, and management of acid-sulfate soils in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Acid-sulfate soils cover about 3.5 Mha of the coastal area in Kalimantan and have high acidity, high-risk iron and aluminum toxicity, and low fertility, requiring precise water management, amelioration and fertilizer application, crop variety selection, and rice cultivation technologies. Lime, biochar, organic fertilizer, compost, ash, and fly ash are ameliorants that raise pH, reduce iron and aluminum toxicity, and improve crop yield. Rice cultivation has developed from traditional to modern but needs re-designing to fit local conditions. Depending on the soil nutrient status, rice cultivation requires 80–200 kg ha −1 of urea, 50–150 kg ha −1 of SP36, 50–150 kg ha −1 of KCl, and 125–400 kg ha −1 of NPK compound fertilizer, but is affected by CH 4 and CO 2 emissions. Good water management impacts the effective implementation of amelioration and fertilizer application technologies. The remaining challenges and future directions for water management, amelioration, fertilizer application, crop varieties, cultivation techniques, land use optimization, climate change adaptation and mitigation, technology adoption and implementation, and resource conservation are outlined. Acid-sulfate soils remain a resource capital that supports food security regionally and nationally in Indonesia.

Keywords: acid-sulfate soil; rice; soil characteristic; soil management; tidal paddy field; wetland (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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