Environmental and Economic Life Cycle Assessment of Enzymatic Hydrolysis-Based Fish Protein and Oil Extraction

Bashir Bashiri (), Janna Cropotova, Kristine Kvangarsnes, Olga Gavrilova and Raivo Vilu
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Bashir Bashiri: Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
Janna Cropotova: Department of Biological Sciences in Ålesund, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Larsgårdsvegen 4, 6025 Ålesund, Norway
Kristine Kvangarsnes: Department of Biological Sciences in Ålesund, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Larsgårdsvegen 4, 6025 Ålesund, Norway
Olga Gavrilova: TFTAK, Mäealuse 2/4 B, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
Raivo Vilu: TFTAK, Mäealuse 2/4 B, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia

Resources, 2024, vol. 13, issue 5, 1-13

Abstract: As global fish consumption rises, a large amount of waste is generated that is generally neglected. Considering the value embedded in these resources, sustainable methods become more important in extracting valuable ingredients from fish processing residues. Enzymatic hydrolysis is a fast and easily reproducible method for recovering protein ingredients and obtaining valuable by-products. To confirm its advantages, an environmental and economic impact assessment is essential. This study overviewed the sustainability and economic viability of extracting protein compounds and oil from Atlantic mackerel processing residues using enzymatic hydrolysis. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) methods were employed. It was found that the climate change impact of the whole process was 0.073 kg CO 2 -eq per 1 g of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH). As the process produces FPH as the main product and fish oil as the by-product, economic allocation was used to distribute the impacts of FPH and fish oil. The findings of the LCCA showed that producing 1 g of FPH costs EUR 3.68. The contribution analysis indicated the crucial role of electricity and fish in environmental impacts. To ensure the accuracy of the calculation, the results of an LCA study published previously were recalculated. The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were susceptible to the region and source of electricity production. This research provides valuable insights into the sustainability and economic aspects of using enzymatic hydrolysis for extracting protein ingredients and oils from Atlantic mackerel. This can inform future investigations of environmentally friendly and economically viable solutions for extracting fish ingredients.

Keywords: enzymatic hydrolysis; LCA; LCCA; fish protein hydrolysate; fish oil; atlantic mackerel fish; sustainability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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