Agronomic Management, Socioeconomic Factors, and Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in Avocado–Coffee Systems in Huatusco, Veracruz, México

Diana Ayala-Montejo, Pablo Martínez-Zurimendi (), Juan Fernando Gallardo-Lancho, Rufo Sánchez-Hernández, Eduardo Valdés-Velarde (), Teresita de Jesús Santiago-Vera and Joel Pérez-Nieto
Additional contact information
Diana Ayala-Montejo: Ministry of Science, Humanities, Technology and Innovation, Mexico (SECIHTI), Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03940, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
Pablo Martínez-Zurimendi: Villahermosa Unit, Department of Agriculture, Society and Environment, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma km 15.5, Ranchería Guineo II Section, Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico
Juan Fernando Gallardo-Lancho: Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), IRNASa, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
Rufo Sánchez-Hernández: Academic Division of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carret era Villahermosa-Teapa km 25.2 Ranchería la Huasteca II Section, Villahermosa 86298, Tabasco, Mexico
Eduardo Valdés-Velarde: Department of Phytotecnics, Chapingo Autonomous University, Carretera México-Texcoco km 38.5, Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, State of Mexico, Mexico
Teresita de Jesús Santiago-Vera: Ministry of Science, Humanities, Technology and Innovation, Mexico (SECIHTI), Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03940, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
Joel Pérez-Nieto: Department of Phytotecnics, Chapingo Autonomous University, Carretera México-Texcoco km 38.5, Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, State of Mexico, Mexico

Resources, 2025, vol. 14, issue 3, 1-17

Abstract: Avocado cultivation is displacing traditional coffee production in Veracruz, Mexico. This change modifies the floristic composition and agronomic management (AM), both of which are affected by socioeconomic factors and generate variation in edaphic conditions. The objective of this research was to identify the socioeconomic variables that modify the characteristics of the AM of avocado and coffee systems and have repercussions on the carbon and nitrogen pools. Four case studies were analyzed: a renovated coffee polyculture (SRC), severely cleaned coffee polyculture (IPC), avocado–coffee system (ACS), and conventional avocado orchard (CAO). A socioeconomic analysis was carried out with a 30-year economic projection and 56 variables. Three plots were installed where vegetal biomass carbon (VBC) was evaluated; soil samples were taken in theses plots at three depths (in triplicate) to determine soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil nitrogen (TSN) in each case. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Four economic variables explain 50.9% of the variation in agronomic management and five social variables 50.2%, in both cases where the component is considered. In all systems, the variation in VBC is explained by the agronomic management, while the reported SOC presents an inverse relationship with AM. The ACS presents the higher values in total C in the system, and SOC and TSN pools, while the CAO shows negative impacts concerning soil organic matter quality. The ACS is sensitive to investment, market diversity, education, and external organic residue addition, explaining the variations in AM and the TSN pools.

Keywords: productive diversification; investment capacity; Persea americana; Coffea arabica (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/14/3/35/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/14/3/35/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jresou:v:14:y:2025:i:3:p:35-:d:1596687

Access Statistics for this article

Resources is currently edited by Ms. Donchian Ma

More articles in Resources from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().