Investigation of Bio-Oil and Biochar Derived from Cotton Stalk Pyrolysis: Effect of Different Reaction Conditions

Hussien Elshareef, Obid Tursunov (), Sihao Ren, Katarzyna Śpiewak, Alina Rahayu Mohamed, Yongkun Fu, Renjie Dong and Yuguang Zhou ()
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Hussien Elshareef: Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Obid Tursunov: Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Sihao Ren: Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Katarzyna Śpiewak: The Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Alina Rahayu Mohamed: Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Jejawi Complex of Academics (3), UniMAP, Arau Perlis 02600, Malaysia
Yongkun Fu: Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Renjie Dong: Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Yuguang Zhou: Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Resources, 2025, vol. 14, issue 5, 1-20

Abstract: This work aimed to conduct a kinetic study of cotton stalks (CSs) through TGA to examine the impact of reaction conditions on bio-oil yield derived from CS slow pyrolysis using a tube furnace lab-scale reactor, as well as a characterization of bio-oil and biochar products. The iso-conversional approaches of Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) were applied to estimate kinetic parameter activation energy (E a ) for the range of conversion degrees (α = 0.1–0.9). The kinetic results demonstrated that the average values of E a for secondary pyrolysis were lower compared to those of primary pyrolysis; this could be explained by the fact that mainly cellulose degrades during primary pyrolysis, which requires more energy to be degraded. The pyrolysis findings indicated that the highest yield of bio-oil was 38.5%, which occurred at conditions of 500 °C and 0.5–1 mm size, while retention time showed an insignificant effect on pyrolysis oil. GC–MS analysis demonstrated that bio-oil is dominated by phenol compounds, which account for more than 40% of its components. SEM and XRD analyses emphasized that biochar is porous and has an amorphous shape, respectively. It can be concluded that these outcomes confirm that CSs have the potential to be a good candidate for a feedstock material for bioenergy production via the pyrolysis process.

Keywords: cotton stalks; kinetic analysis; reaction conditions; slow pyrolysis; bio-oil; biochar (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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