Tropical Fruit Wastes: Physicochemical Characterization, Fatty Acid Profile and Antioxidant Capacity

Mariana Ferreira dos Santos, Beatriz Pereira de Freitas, Jaqueline Souza de Freitas, Luane Souza Silva Lage, Alex Aguiar Novo, Claudete Norie Kunigami, Eliane Przytyk Jung and Leilson Oliveira Ribeiro ()
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Mariana Ferreira dos Santos: Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Nilópolis Campus, Nilópolis, Rio de Janeiro 26530-060, Brazil
Beatriz Pereira de Freitas: Laboratory of Organic and Inorganic Chemical Analysis, National Institute of Technology, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
Jaqueline Souza de Freitas: Laboratory of Organic and Inorganic Chemical Analysis, National Institute of Technology, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
Luane Souza Silva Lage: Laboratory of Organic and Inorganic Chemical Analysis, National Institute of Technology, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
Alex Aguiar Novo: Laboratory of Organic and Inorganic Chemical Analysis, National Institute of Technology, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
Claudete Norie Kunigami: Laboratory of Organic and Inorganic Chemical Analysis, National Institute of Technology, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
Eliane Przytyk Jung: Laboratory of Organic and Inorganic Chemical Analysis, National Institute of Technology, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
Leilson Oliveira Ribeiro: Laboratory of Organic and Inorganic Chemical Analysis, National Institute of Technology, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil

Resources, 2025, vol. 14, issue 5, 1-13

Abstract: Wastes resulting from the depulping of tropical fruits such as siriguela ( Spondias purpurea ), umbu ( Spondias tuberosa ), and juçara ( Euterpe edulis ) can be used as a source of bioactive compounds and nutrients. Therefore, the aim of this work was to chemically characterize the flours of siriguela seeds and peels (FSSs and FSPs), umbu seeds and peels (FUSs and FUPs), umbu pulp refine cake (FUC), and defatted juçara pulp refine cake (FJC) based on their proximate composition and mineral content, fatty acids, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS •+ , DPPH • , and FRAP). The results were expressed on a dry basis. The FJC had the highest lipid and protein percentage (10% and 31%, respectively), while for carbohydrates; FUS samples had the highest value (80%). FSSs presented the highest levels of Ca (239.7 mg 100 g −1 ), Mg (183.3 mg 100 g −1 ), and FSP of K (1403.9 mg 100 g −1 ). Regarding the fatty acid profiles, palmitic acid (C16:0) was found as the main fatty acid in FSSs (28.87%), FSPs (69.31%), and FUC (45.68%), while oleic acid (C18:1) was found as the main fatty acid in FUSs (32.63%), FUPs (48.24%), and FJC (61.58%). The FUP sample exhibited the highest antioxidant potential (1852.81 mg GAE 100 g −1 , 130 µmol Trolox g −1 , 131 µmol Trolox g −1 , and 590 µmol Fe 2+ g −1 by TPC, ABTS •+ , DPPH • , and FRAP, respectively). As the first comparative study of these specific fruits wastes, the results showed that their flours are promising sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds. In addition, their use can contribute to the circular economy and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2 and 12 of the 2030 Agenda.

Keywords: umbu; siriguela; juçara; antioxidants; flours; SDG (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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