Recycling Potentials of Critical Metals-Analyzing Secondary Flows from Selected Applications

Till Zimmermann and Stefan Gößling-Reisemann
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Till Zimmermann: Department of Technological Design and Development, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany
Stefan Gößling-Reisemann: Department of Technological Design and Development, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany

Resources, 2014, vol. 3, issue 1, 1-28

Abstract: Metal mobilization in general, as well as the number of metals used in products to increase performance and provide sometimes unique functionalities, has increased steadily in the past decades. Materials, such as indium, gallium, platinum group metals (PGM), and rare earths (RE), are used ever more frequently in high-tech applications and their criticality as a function of economic importance and supply risks has been highlighted in various studies. Nevertheless, recycling rates are often below one percent. Against this background, secondary flows of critical metals from three different end-of-life products up to 2020 are modeled and losses along the products’ end-of-life (EOL) chain are identified. Two established applications of PGM and RE–industrial catalysts and thermal barrier coatings–and CIGS photovoltaic cells as a relatively new product have been analyzed. In addition to a quantification of future EOL flows, the analysis showed that a relatively well working recycling system exists for PGM-bearing catalysts, while a complete loss of critical metals occurs for the other applications. The reasons include a lack of economic incentives, technologically caused material dissipation and other technological challenges.

Keywords: critical metals; recycling; secondary material flows; material flow analysis; industrial catalysts; CIGS photovoltaic cells; thermal barrier coatings (TBC); industrial ecology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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