Hate-Speech Countering by Immigrant and Pro-Immigrant Associations in Almeria (Spain)

Pilar Rodriguez Martinez (), Lucía Martinez Joya and Francisco Villegas Lirola
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Pilar Rodriguez Martinez: Departamento de Historia, Georgafia y Humanidades, University of Almeria, 04120 Almería, Spain
Lucía Martinez Joya: Departamento de Historia, Georgafia y Humanidades, University of Almeria, 04120 Almería, Spain
Francisco Villegas Lirola: Departamento de Historia, Georgafia y Humanidades, University of Almeria, 04120 Almería, Spain

Social Sciences, 2024, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-24

Abstract: In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in anti-immigrant hate speech on social media. Drawing on interviews with 15 immigrant associations and 11 pro-immigrant associations in the southern Spanish province of Almería, as well as digital ethnography, this article explores strategies used by immigrant and pro-immigrant associations to counter hate speech. The rise of this hate speech, disseminated mainly by far-right parties, has occurred at a time when many immigrant associations have little or no access to social media platforms. However, members of all these associations (immigrant and pro-immigrant) are aware of the perverse effects of these discourses, as they have either received them on their personal social media platforms or experienced abhorrent hate-speech attacks against their members and/or users. Despite their difficulties in navigating the “glocaline political arena”, they have participated in a number of projects and developed tools that allow them to generate a counter-discourse. We identify and explore the richness and diversity of these online campaigns and activities, highlighting the difficulties that immigrant associations—compared to pro-immigrant ones—face in navigating the glocaline political arena.

Keywords: counter hate speech; immigrant and pro-immigrant association; Almería; Spain (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: A B N P Y80 Z00 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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