Remote Work, Gender Ideologies, and Fathers’ Participation in Childcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Daniel L. Carlson (), Skye McPherson and Richard J. Petts
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Daniel L. Carlson: Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
Skye McPherson: Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
Richard J. Petts: Department of Sociology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA

Social Sciences, 2024, vol. 13, issue 3, 1-21

Abstract: During the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work became the new reality for many fathers. Though time availability theory suggests that this newfound flexibility should lead to more domestic labor on the part of fathers, many were skeptical that fathers would step up to shoulder the load at home. Indeed, the findings are decidedly mixed on the association of fathers’ remote work with their performance of housework and childcare. Nonetheless, research has yet to consider how contextual factors, such as fathers’ gender ideologies and mothers’ employment, may condition these associations. Using data from Wave 1 of the Study on U.S. Parents’ Divisions of Labor During COVID-19 (SPDLC), we examine how gender ideology moderates the association between fathers’ remote work and their performance and share of childcare during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in both sole-earner and dual-earner families. The results show, for sole-earning fathers and dual-earner fathers with egalitarian gender attitudes, that the frequency of remote work was positively associated with fathers performing more, and a greater share of, childcare during the pandemic. Yet, only dual-earner fathers with egalitarian gender attitudes performed an equal share of childcare in their families. These findings suggest that the pandemic provided structural opportunities for fathers, particularly egalitarian-minded fathers, to be the equally engaged parents they desired.

Keywords: remote work; gender ideology; gender attitudes; fathers; childcare; domestic labor; gender equality (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: A B N P Y80 Z00 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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