Low-Emission Modeling for Energy Demand in the Household Sector: A Study of Pakistan as a Developing Economy

Sana Bashir, Iftikhar Ahmad and Sajid Rashid Ahmad
Additional contact information
Sana Bashir: College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Iftikhar Ahmad: College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Sajid Rashid Ahmad: College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan

Sustainability, 2018, vol. 10, issue 11, 1-17

Abstract: In the developing world, the energy needs of the household sector have grown manifold, due to rapid urbanization and the introduction of affordable technology. However, constraints in the power supply and underutilization of renewable resources, coupled with inefficient fuel use and obsolete technology, have increased the average energy usage cost and emissions. Hence, the current study provides a long-term sustainable energy management plan for the urban household, in terms of energy savings, social cost, and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. To address energy security and climate change challenges, a demand-side management scenario (DSM) is proposed through integration of efficient policies and nationally determined contributions. On the basis of policy analysis and energy consumption patterns, macro-economic modeling was carried out for the period 2011–2050, using the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) modeling tool. Results show that the “efficient water heating” scenario offers the maximum energy-saving potential (up to 270 M.TOE) whereas “efficient space cooling” is the lowest-cost scenario. To achieve the best-fit mitigation scenario (MIT), targets for renewable energy supply were also incorporated. Findings were weighed against the reference scenario (REF), which reveals a huge GHG reduction under the DSM. Moreover, the cost required to implement MIT is estimated to be 3.4 US $/tonne of carbon dioxide-equivalent, less than the REF.

Keywords: nationally determined contributions; energy policy scenarios; GHG mitigation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/11/3971/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/11/3971/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:11:p:3971-:d:179455

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().