Characteristics and Trends of Ambient Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides at Urban, Suburban, and Rural Sites from 2011 to 2017 in Shenzhen, China

Dian Huang, Qinglan Li, Xiaoxue Wang, Guangxin Li, Liqun Sun, Bing He, Li Zhang and Chunsheng Zhang
Additional contact information
Dian Huang: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Qinglan Li: Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
Xiaoxue Wang: Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
Guangxin Li: Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
Liqun Sun: Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
Bing He: Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
Li Zhang: Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau, Shenzhen 518040, China
Chunsheng Zhang: Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau, Shenzhen 518040, China

Sustainability, 2018, vol. 10, issue 12, 1-17

Abstract: The emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) decreased under China’s air quality control policies. However, concern remains regarding the response of ozone (O 3 ) in the metropolitan areas. The characteristics and trends of ambient O 3 and NO x in Shenzhen were investigated during the 2011–2017 period. Both the human population and vegetation are exposed to higher O 3 at suburban and rural sites than at the urban site. The O 3 weekend effect is significant ( p = 0.062) at the urban site, with O 3 levels 1.19 ppb higher on Sunday than on weekdays. Solar radiation, precipitation, and relative humidity are the most relevant meteorological factors that affect O 3 daily variations. Wind speed is the least relevant factor, but wind direction is related to the presence of high O 3 air concentrations. Both 1-h and 8-h O 3 exhibit an increase, opposite to the trend of NO x . A slight decline in O 3 occurs in autumn at less urbanized sites. The increase in O 3 is more prevalent and rapid in the winter at more urbanized sites. This can be due to the transport of increased O 3 from northern China, as well as a lowered O 3 titration effect with NO x reduction. O 3 increases fastest at the urban site, with an estimated rate of 4.3% (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.96, 8.25) per year ( p < 0.05) for 8-h O 3 and 2.5% (95% CIs: −0.46, 6.12) per year ( p > 0.1) for 1-h O 3 , posing greater human health risks to areas with high population density.

Keywords: ozone; nitrogen oxides; urban and rural; meteorological factors; trends; Shenzhen (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/12/4530/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/12/4530/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:12:p:4530-:d:186912

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().