Plant Communities Suitable for Green Roofs in Arid Regions

Rachel Gioannini, Malik Al-Ajlouni, Richard Kile, Dawn VanLeeuwen and Rolston St. Hilaire
Additional contact information
Rachel Gioannini: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
Malik Al-Ajlouni: Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan
Richard Kile: American Hydrotech, Inc., 303 E. Ohio, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
Dawn VanLeeuwen: Agricultural Biometric Service, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
Rolston St. Hilaire: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA

Sustainability, 2018, vol. 10, issue 6, 1-21

Abstract: In extensive green roof settings, plant communities can be more robust than monocultures. In addition, native plants might be hardier and more ecologically sound choices than non-native plants in green roof systems. The objectives of this research were to (1) compare the performance of plant communities with that of monocultures and (2) compare the growth of natives to non-natives in a simulated green roof setting. We conducted a two-year experiment at an outdoor site in a desert environment using four plant morphological types (groundcover, forb, succulent and grass). Native plants selected were Chrysactinia mexicana, Melampodium leucanthum , Euphorbia antisyphilitica , and Nassella tenuissima , and non-natives were Delosperma nubigenum , Stachys byzantina , Sedum kamtschiaticum and Festuca glauca . Plants were assigned randomly to either monoculture or community and grown in 1 m × 1 m custom-built trays filled with 15 cm of a proprietary blend of 50/20/30 lightweight aggregate/sand/compost (by volume). Native forb, Melampodium, in community had greater coverage for four of the five measurements in the first year over native forb in monoculture and non-native forb regardless of setting. Native forb coverage was also greater than non-native forb for three of the four measurements in year 2, regardless of setting. Coverage of native grass was significantly greater than non-native grasses throughout the experiment. Coverage was also greater for eight of nine measurements for native succulent over non-natives succulent. However, non-native groundcover coverage was significantly greater than native groundcover for seven of nine measurements. On 1 November 2016, relative water content (RWC) for succulents ( p = 0.0424) was greatest for native Euphorbia in monoculture at 88%. Native Euphorbia also had greater RWC than non-native Sedum on 4 April 2017 (78%) and 4 July 2017 (80%). However, non-native Sedum had greater root length (6548 cm), root dry weight (12.1 g), and root-to-shoot dry weight ratio (0.45) than native Euphorbia . At the end of year 2, the relative growth rate (RGR) of native Euphorbia of 0.15 g·g −1 ·d −1 was greater than that of Sedum . While the native succulent had a smaller root biomass, its greater RWC and RGR would indicate it had better plant water status and grew faster than the non-native. The lack of differences in plant performance regardless of assignment to monoculture or community would imply that communities and monocultures are equally suitable for arid region green roofs.

Keywords: green roofs; native plants; arid regions; plant communities (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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