State of the Art of Automated Buses

Jaagup Ainsalu, Ville Arffman, Mauro Bellone, Maximilian Ellner, Taina Haapamäki, Noora Haavisto, Ebba Josefson, Azat Ismailogullari, Bob Lee, Olav Madland, Raitis Madžulis, Jaanus Müür, Sami Mäkinen, Ville Nousiainen, Eetu Pilli-Sihvola, Eetu Rutanen, Sami Sahala, Boris Schønfeldt, Piotr Marek Smolnicki, Ralf-Martin Soe, Juha Sääski, Magdalena Szymańska, Ingar Vaskinn and Milla Åman
Additional contact information
Jaagup Ainsalu: Tallinn Transport Department, Tallinn City Government, EE-10146 Tallinn, Estonia
Ville Arffman: Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland
Mauro Bellone: Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
Maximilian Ellner: IKEM Institute for Climate Protection, Energy and Mobility, DE10179 Berlin, Germany
Taina Haapamäki: FLOU Solutions Ltd, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland
Noora Haavisto: Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland
Ebba Josefson: Front Advokater, SE-41117 Gothenburg, Sweden
Azat Ismailogullari: Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland
Bob Lee: Front Advokater, SE-41117 Gothenburg, Sweden
Olav Madland: Applied Autonomy Ltd, NO-3616 Kongsberg, Norway
Raitis Madžulis: Zemgale Planning Region, LV-3001 Jelgavā, Latvia
Jaanus Müür: Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, EE-12616 Tallinn, Estonia
Sami Mäkinen: FLOU Solutions Ltd, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland
Ville Nousiainen: Forum Virium Helsinki, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland
Eetu Pilli-Sihvola: Finnish Transport Safety Agency (Trafi), FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
Eetu Rutanen: Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland
Sami Sahala: Forum Virium Helsinki, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland
Boris Schønfeldt: The Municipality of Vejle, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark
Piotr Marek Smolnicki: Department of Urban Design and Regional Planning, Gdańsk University of Technology, PL-80233 Gdańsk, Poland
Ralf-Martin Soe: Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, EE-12616 Tallinn, Estonia
Juha Sääski: Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland
Magdalena Szymańska: The City of Gdańsk, PL-80-803 Gdańsk, Poland
Ingar Vaskinn: The Municipality of Kongsberg, NO-3602 Kongsberg, Norway
Milla Åman: Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland

Sustainability, 2018, vol. 10, issue 9, 1-34

Abstract: Urban transportation in the next few decades will shift worldwide toward electrification and automation, with the final aim of increasing energy efficiency and safety for passengers. Such a big change requires strong collaboration and efforts among public administration, research and stakeholders in developing, testing and promoting these technologies in public transportation. Working in this direction, this work provides a review of the impact of the introduction of driverless electric minibuses, for the first and last mile transportation, in public service. More specifically, this paper covers the state of the art in terms of technological background for automation, energy efficiency via electrification and the current state of the legal framework in Europe with a focus on the Baltic Sea Region.

Keywords: automated buses; electrification; intelligent urban transportation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (16)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:9:p:3118-:d:166926

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