Environmental Homogenization or Heterogenization? The Effects of Globalization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1970–2014

Yan Wang, Tao Zhou, Hao Chen and Zhihai Rong
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Yan Wang: Department of Sociology, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
Tao Zhou: CompleX Lab, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
Hao Chen: Department of Social Psychology, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
Zhihai Rong: School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China

Sustainability, 2019, vol. 11, issue 10, 1-23

Abstract: Globalization significantly influences climate change. Ecological modernization theory and world polity theory suggest that globalization reduces carbon dioxide emissions worldwide by facilitating economic, political, social, and cultural homogenization, whereas ecological unequal exchange theory indicates that cumulative economic and political disparities lead to an uneven distribution of emissions in developed and less developed countries. This study addresses this controversy and systematically investigates the extent to which different dimensions of globalization influence carbon emissions in developed and less developed countries by treating globalization as a dynamic historical process involving economic, political, and social/cultural dimensions in a long-term, cross-national context. Drawing on data for 137 countries from 1970 to 2014, we find that while globalization, social and cultural globalization in particular, has enabled developed countries to significantly decrease their carbon emissions, it has led to more emissions in less developed countries, lending support to the ecological unequal exchange theory. Consistent with world polity theory, international political integration has contributed to carbon reductions over time. We highlight the internal tension between environmental conservation and degradation in a globalizing world and discuss the opportunities for less developed countries to reduce emissions.

Keywords: globalization; carbon dioxide emissions; ecological modernization theory; world polity theory; ecological unequal exchange theory (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

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