Granite Pavement Nitrate Desalination: Traditional Methods vs. Biocleaning Methods

Pilar Bosch-Roig, Hugo Allegue and Ignacio Bosch
Additional contact information
Pilar Bosch-Roig: Instituto de Restauración del Patrimonio, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Hugo Allegue: Departamento de construcción y tecnologías arquitectónicas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Ignacio Bosch: Instituto de Tecnologías y Aplicaciones Multimedia, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain

Sustainability, 2019, vol. 11, issue 15, 1-18

Abstract: High levels of nitrate contamination of granite stone are a major problem, affecting large surfaces of many historical monuments, particularly in the north-west of Spain. This study showed a comparison between different traditional and biotechnological desalination methods in order to evaluate the most appropriate cleaning treatment for nitrate desalination of granite. Three types of traditional desalination methods (with cellulose and/or sepiolite) were compared with two types of bacterial denitrifying treatments that used Pseudomonas stutzeri (with cotton wool or with agar 2% as delivery systems). The in-situ tests were carried in the Cristo Chapel of Stª Mª de Conxo in Santiago de Compostela (Spain), which has a high nitrate salt content in its granite pavement. Conductivity and nitrate content measurements, biological monitoring and digital image analysis were performed to determinate the efficacy of each method. The findings showed that both techniques succeeded in reducing salt content, but bio-desalination was the more effective method tested. This work contributes to the practical implementation of BTCH (Biocleaning Technologies for Cultural Heritage) for the bio-desalination of granite surfaces, and to the evaluation of the use of non-destructive cleaning techniques based on digital imaging.

Keywords: biocleaning; bio-desalination; bacteria; building materials; nitrate (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4227/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4227/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:15:p:4227-:d:254862

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().