Impact of Leachate from Northern Landfill Site in Bloemfontein on Water and Soil Quality: Implications for Water and Food Security

Olusola O. Ololade, Sabelo Mavimbela, Saheed A. Oke and Rinae Makhadi
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Olusola O. Ololade: Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
Sabelo Mavimbela: Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
Saheed A. Oke: Unit for Sustainable Water and Environment, Civil Engineering Department, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
Rinae Makhadi: Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa

Sustainability, 2019, vol. 11, issue 15, 1-19

Abstract: Solid waste management in developing cities is a threat to water and food security. The final disposal option for solid wastes is usually landfill sites. Possible contaminants and their impact on surface and groundwater, and soil quality, at the northern solid waste landfill in Bloemfontein city, South Africa, was investigated. Soil samples were analysed for basic cations and heavy metals. A one-point surface leachate, groundwater, and surface water samples were analysed for physicochemical and microbiological parameters. Hydrochemical speciation models were developed using these parameters to determine the influence of the leachate emanating from the landfill on the quality of the water samples. Findings from the study showed that the low metal content in the soil and water samples posed no immediate threat to food and water security. However, most of the other parameters were above the permissible limit of South African National Standard 241 (SANS241) and World Health Organisation (WHO) for drinking water, and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) specification for irrigation, an indication that the groundwater was unfit for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes. Metal concentrations in the soil also increased with distance downslope of the landfill along drainage lines. The implementation of a circular economy in Bloemfontein will translate to less pollution and enhance sustainable development.

Keywords: groundwater; landfill; leachate; soil; surface water; solid waste (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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