Environmental Risk Assessment of Accidental Pollution Incidents in Drinking Water Source Areas: A Case Study of the Hongfeng Lake Watershed, China

Pei Tian, Huaqing Wu, Tiantian Yang, Wenjie Zhang, Faliang Jiang, Zhaoyi Zhang and Tieniu Wu
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Pei Tian: Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
Huaqing Wu: Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
Tiantian Yang: School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
Wenjie Zhang: Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
Faliang Jiang: Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
Zhaoyi Zhang: Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
Tieniu Wu: Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China

Sustainability, 2019, vol. 11, issue 19, 1-21

Abstract: Accidental pollution incidents have caused a major threat to water safety of drinking water sources. However, few studies have focused on quantitative risk assessment of pollution incidents in a watershed which contains drinking water sources. A coupling model consisting of the Seveso III Directive, SWAT, and MIKE21 models was constructed for risk assessment of sudden pollution incidents at the watershed scale. The potential hazard of risk sources (e.g., industrial enterprises), the vulnerability of risk receptors (e.g., drinking water intakes), and the environmental risk of different sub-regions of the watershed were evaluated by this model. In addition, a case study was applied in Hongfeng Lake watershed (HLW), where the Hongfeng Lake drinking water source is located. The results showed that about 68% of the industrial enterprises in the HLW were potentially hazardous according to the Seveso III Directive, including 5 high hazard enterprises, 13 medium hazard enterprises, and 37 low hazard enterprises, most of which were concentrated in the coal mining, chemical production, and building material industries. The HLW was divided into the Yangchang River watershed (YRW), the Maiweng River watershed (MRW1), the Maxian River watershed (MRW2), the Houliu River watershed (HRW), and the lake area by the hydrological characteristics, among which, the vulnerability index of YRW was the largest. Besides, it was essential to consider the vulnerability assessment of drinking water intakes when conducting an environmental risk assessment in the HLW. Regional environmental risk grade of YRW, MRW1, MRW2, HRW, and the lake area was high, medium, low, low, and none, respectively. The environmental risk assessment results showed good consistency with the pollution characteristics and spatial distribution of industrial enterprises in the HLW. Furthermore, the theory of a three-level prevention system for “risk sources–water body connection–water intakes” was proposed for environmental risk management in the HLW. Overall, the case study in the HLW indicated that the coupling model proposed in this study had a good compatibility for environmental risk assessment of sudden water pollution incidents in a watershed.

Keywords: potential hazard; vulnerability; risk assessment; industrial enterprise; drinking water intake; Seveso III directive; SWAT; MIKE21; Hongfeng Lake (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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