Variability and Site Dependence of Grain Mineral Contents in Tetraploid Wheats

Laura Del Coco, Barbara Laddomada, Danilo Migoni, Giovanni Mita, Rosanna Simeone and Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
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Laura Del Coco: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Barbara Laddomada: Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Danilo Migoni: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Giovanni Mita: Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Rosanna Simeone: Department of Soil, Plant & Food Sciences, Genetics and Plant Breeding Section, University Aldo Moro, via G. Amendola, 165/a 70126 Bari, Italy
Francesco Paolo Fanizzi: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy

Sustainability, 2019, vol. 11, issue 3, 1-14

Abstract: Crop production and natural resource use, especially in developing countries, represents one of the most important food sources for humans. In particular, two wheat species (tetraploid, which is mostly used for pasta and hexaploid, which is primarily used for bread) account for about 20% of the whole calories consumed worldwide. In order to assess the mineral accumulation capability of some popular tetraploid wheat genotypes, a metabolomic (metallomic) approach was used in this study. The metallomic profile related to micro- (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni and Cr), macro- (Ca, Mg and K) and toxic trace elements (Cd and Pb) was obtained by ICP-AES analysis in a large set of tetraploid wheat genotypes ( Triticum turgidum L.) that were grown in two different experimental fields. Correlations and multivariate statistical analyses were performed, grouping the samples under two wheat sets, comprising cultivated durum cultivars ( T. turgidum subsp. durum ) and wild accessions ( T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum and subsp. dicoccoides ). The site dependence ranking for the selected genotypes with the highest nutrient accumulation was obtained. The significantly higher content of Mg (among the macronutrients) and the highest levels of Mn, Fe and Zn (among the micronutrients) were found for wild accessions with respect to durum cultivars. Moreover, the former genotypes were also the ones with the lowest level of accumulation of the trace toxic elements, in particular Cd. According to the performed statistical analyses, the wild accessions appeared also to be less influenced by the different environmental conditions. This is in accord with literature data, indicating the superiority of “old” with respect to modern wheat cultivars for mineral content. Although further studies are required on a wider range of genotypes to confirm these findings, the obtained results could be used to better select the less demanding and better performing cultivars in specific target wheat growing environments.

Keywords: tetraploid wheat; metallomics; macronutrients; micronutrients; plants adaptability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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