A Hybrid Unequal Clustering Based on Density with Energy Conservation in Wireless Nodes

Tao Han, Seyed Mostafa Bozorgi, Ayda Valinezhad Orang, Ali Asghar Rahmani Hosseinabadi, Arun Kumar Sangaiah and Mu-Yen Chen
Additional contact information
Tao Han: DGUT-CNAM Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523016, China
Seyed Mostafa Bozorgi: Department of Computer Engineering, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1651153311, Iran
Ayda Valinezhad Orang: Department of Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
Ali Asghar Rahmani Hosseinabadi: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol 4865116915, Iran
Arun Kumar Sangaiah: School of Computing Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
Mu-Yen Chen: Department of Information Management, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404, Taiwan

Sustainability, 2019, vol. 11, issue 3, 1-26

Abstract: The Internet of things (IoT) provides the possibility of communication between smart devices and any object at any time. In this context, wireless nodes play an important role in reducing costs and simple use. Since these nodes are often used in less accessible locations, recharging their battery is hardly feasible and in some cases is practically impossible. Hence, energy conservation within each node is a challenging discussion. Clustering is an efficient solution to increase the lifetime of the network and reduce the energy consumption of the nodes. In this paper, a novel hybrid unequal multi-hop clustering based on density (HCD) is proposed to increase the network lifetime. In the proposed protocol, the cluster head (CH) selection is performed only by comparing the status of each node to its neighboring nodes. In this new technique, the parameters involving energy of nodes, the number of neighboring nodes, the distance to the base station (BS), and the layer where the node is placed in are considered in CH selection. So, in this new and simple technique considers energy consumption of the network and load balancing. Clustering is performed unequally so that cluster heads (CHs) close to BS have more energy for data relay. Also, a hybrid dynamic–static clustering was performed to decrease overhead. In the current protocol, a distributed clustering and multi-hop routing approach was applied between cluster members (CMs), to CHs, and CHs to BS. HCD is applied as a novel assistance to cluster heads (ACHs) mechanism, in a way that a CH accepts to use member nodes with suitable state to share traffic load. Furthermore, we performed simulation for two different scenarios. Simulation results showed the reliability of the proposed method as it was resulted in a significant increase in network stability and energy balance as well as network lifetime and efficiency.

Keywords: Internet of things; Wireless nodes; Hybrid clustering; Multi-hop routing; Network lifetime; Artificial intelligence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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