Anxiety and Bodily Pain in Older Women Participants in a Physical Education Program. A Multiple Moderated Mediation Analysis

Óscar Chiva-Bartoll, Honorato Morente-Oria, Francisco Tomás González-Fernández and Pedro Jesús Ruiz-Montero
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Óscar Chiva-Bartoll: Department of Education and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12005 Castellón, Spain
Honorato Morente-Oria: Didactic of Languages, Arts and Sport’s Department, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Francisco Tomás González-Fernández: Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas, 07013 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Pedro Jesús Ruiz-Montero: Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52071 Melilla, Spain

Sustainability, 2020, vol. 12, issue 10, 1-12

Abstract: (1) Background: Bodily pain is normally associated with the consequences of ageing, whereas anxiety shows a high prevalence in elderly people, decreasing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Pain coping strategies are used to reduce the consequences of pain, specifically in older people. This study analyzed if the passive and active pain coping strategies were significant moderators in the link between anxiety and bodily pain with a physical component as a mediator. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of older women between 60 and 90 years old from small villages with under 5000 inhabitants, of whom 53.8% of the total were participants of a physical education program. Participants of the present study completed all sociodemographic (living alone/accompanied, marital and educational status, number of illnesses, and level of physical activity (PA)) and clinical (anxiety, HRQoL, and pain coping strategies) questionnaires. Anxiety was assessed by the Hospitality Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), passive and active strategies by the Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory (VPMI), and bodily pain and the physical component by the SF-36 questionnaire. (3) Results: The physical component positively predicted bodily pain ( p < 0.001) and passive strategies significantly moderated the effect of anxiety on the physical component ( p = 0.034). (4) Conclusions: These outcomes help to understand the link between anxiety and bodily pain in older women and the moderation of pain coping strategies in this relationship. In addition, the physical component should be considered when physical education programs aimed at the reduction of bodily pain through the management of anxiety are designed.

Keywords: aging; physical health; physical activity; pain strategies; anxiety symptom (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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