Agriculture and Green Economy for Environmental Kuznets Curve Adoption in Developing Countries: Insights from Rwanda

Jean Niyigaba, Jessica Ya Sun, Daiyan Peng and Clemence Uwimbabazi
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Jean Niyigaba: School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Jessica Ya Sun: School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Daiyan Peng: School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Clemence Uwimbabazi: Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geomatic Engineering, University of Rwanda, Kigali 4285, Rwanda

Sustainability, 2020, vol. 12, issue 24, 1-21

Abstract: Development and climate change are crucial global concerns with significant contrasts between developed and developing nations. Contrary to several developing countries, Rwanda opted for a green growth policy pathway while struggling with its economic emergence through the alternative green sectors, including agriculture. No research has yet been conducted on the choice’s performance on emission sequestration or the country’s income, allowing the formulation of strategies accordingly. The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), mostly adopted by developed countries, is applied for the Rwandese scenario to verify its adoption in developing countries. The within and between effects of the agricultural sector (AGRc) and gross domestic products (GDPc) on CO 2 emission (CO 2 ) are examined with an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration and coupling methods in January 2008−December 2018 period. Results confirm the short-run and long-run cointegration relationships of variables, where CO 2 -GDPc and CO 2 -AGRc are relatively decoupling and absolute decoupling, respectively. The EKC adoption to CO 2 -GDPc relationship, and the significant negative causality from GDPc and AGRc to CO 2 , are confirmed. The performance resulted from the country’s environment conservation policies, and Rwanda is a learning example as a developing country. However, the green economy through the agro-economy is at a low level and should be reinforced.

Keywords: agro-economy; autoregressive distributed lag; coupling; environmental Kuznets curve (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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