Ultramicrobacteria from Nitrate- and Radionuclide-Contaminated Groundwater

Tamara Nazina, Tamara Babich, Nadezhda Kostryukova, Diyana Sokolova, Ruslan Abdullin, Tatyana Tourova, Vitaly Kadnikov, Andrey Mardanov, Nikolai Ravin, Denis Grouzdev, Andrey Poltaraus, Stepan Kalmykov, Alexey Safonov, Elena Zakharova, Alexander Novikov and Kenji Kato
Additional contact information
Tamara Nazina: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Tamara Babich: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Nadezhda Kostryukova: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Diyana Sokolova: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Ruslan Abdullin: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Tatyana Tourova: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Vitaly Kadnikov: Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Andrey Mardanov: Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Nikolai Ravin: Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Denis Grouzdev: Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Andrey Poltaraus: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Stepan Kalmykov: Chemical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Alexey Safonov: Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Elena Zakharova: Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Alexander Novikov: V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Kenji Kato: Faculty of Science, Department of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, 422-8529 Shizuoka, Japan

Sustainability, 2020, vol. 12, issue 3, 1-27

Abstract: The goal of the present work was to investigate the physicochemical and radiochemical conditions and the microbial diversity in groundwater collected near the Lake Karachai (Russia), which was formerly used for the disposal of liquid radioactive waste, to isolate the dominant bacteria, and to determine their taxonomy and the physiological characteristics responsible for their adaptation to this environment. Groundwater samples contained high concentrations of acetate, oxalate, nitrate, and sulfate, as well as radionuclides. High-throughput sequencing and analysis of the clone libraries revealed lower microbial diversity in the most strongly contaminated groundwater and a predominance of bacteria of the genera Polynucleobacter , Pusillimonas , Candidatus Pelagibacter , and of the candidate phylum Parcubacteria ; these groups include species with an ultra small cell size. Archaeal sequences in the libraries belonged to ammonium oxidizers of the phylum Thaumarchaeota and methanogens of the phylum Euryarchaeota . Pure cultures of obligate and facultative ultramicrobacteria belonging to the genera Chryseobacterium , Microbacterium , Salinibacterium , Pusillimonas , Roseomonas , and Janibacter were isolated from water samples. In genomes of Pusillimonas and Roseomonas strains the genes associated with nitrate reduction, resistance to heavy metals and metalloids were revealed. Several isolates are able to participate in the geochemical process of nitrate conversion to N 2 using acetate; this results in decreasing redox potential, which in turn may stimulate radionuclide reduction and decrease radionuclide migration in groundwater.

Keywords: nitrate- and radionuclide-contaminated groundwater; 16S rRNA gene; pyrosequencing; ultramicrobacteria; Chryseobacterium; Pusillimonas; Salinibacterium; Janibacter (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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