Impacts of Mainstream Hydropower Dams on Fisheries and Agriculture in Lower Mekong Basin

Yuichiro Yoshida, Han Soo Lee, Bui Huy Trung, Hoang-Dung Tran, Mahrjan Keshlav Lall, Kifayatullah Kakar and Tran Dang Xuan
Additional contact information
Han Soo Lee: Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, 739-8529 Hiroshima, Japan
Bui Huy Trung: Banking Faculty, Banking Academy, 1000004 Hanoi, Vietnam
Hoang-Dung Tran: Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 72820 Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
Mahrjan Keshlav Lall: Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, 739-8529 Hiroshima, Japan
Kifayatullah Kakar: Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, 739-8529 Hiroshima, Japan
Tran Dang Xuan: Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, 739-8529 Hiroshima, Japan
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: Keshav Lall Maharjan

Sustainability, 2020, vol. 12, issue 6, 1-21

Abstract: The riverine ecosystems of the Mekong River Basin possess the world’s most productive inland fishery and provide highly productive food crops for millions of people annually. The development of hydropower potential in the Mekong River has long been of interest to governments in the region. Among the existing 64 dams, 46 dams have been built in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) to produce up to 8650 MW of electricity. Additionally, of the 123 proposed built hydropower dams, eleven hydropower plants have been nominated for the river mainstream and are expected to install a total of 13,000 MW in the LMB countries. However, serious concerns have intensified over the potential negative economic consequences, especially on fisheries and agriculture in Cambodia and Vietnam. To date, most of the concerns have concentrated on the impacts on hydrology, environment, livelihood, and diversity in the LMB attributed to hydropower development. This paper, however, discusses the fishery and agricultural sectors of the LMB and focuses on the downstream floodplains of Cambodia and Vietnam. The dam construction has caused greater losses of biodiversity and fisheries than climate change in the LMB. The reduction of 276,847 and 178,169 t of fish, 3.7% and 2.3% of rice, 21.0% and 10.0% of maize will contribute to a decrease of 3.7% and 0.3% of the GDP of Cambodia and Vietnam, respectively. Lao PDR may benefit the most revenue from electricity generation than the other country in the LMB, as most of the proposed dams are projected in the country. Cambodia burdens 3/4 of the reduction of total capture fishery destruction, whilst Lao PDR, Thailand, and Vietnam endure the remaining 1/3 losses. The tradeoff analyses reveal that losses of capture fisheries, sediment or nutrients, and social mitigation costs are greater than the benefits from electricity generation, improved irrigation, and flood control of the LMB region. The socioeconomic and environmental damage caused by hydropower dams in developing countries, including the Mekong, is greater than the early costs in North America and Europe. It is proposed that dam construction for hydropower in the Mekong River, as well as other rivers in developing countries, should be gradually removed and shifted toward solar, wind, and other renewable resources.

Keywords: Mekong River; economic impacts; tradeoff; aquaculture; floodplain; Tonle Sap; migration barrier (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

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