Biological Characterization and Instrumental Analytical Comparison of Two Biorefining Pretreatments for Water Hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ) Biomass Hydrolysis

Jitendra Kumar Singh, Bhawana Chaurasia, Anamika Dubey, Alexis Manuel Faneite Noguera, Aditi Gupta, Richa Kothari, Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya, Ashwani Kumar, Abeer Hashem, Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi and Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
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Jitendra Kumar Singh: Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
Bhawana Chaurasia: Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
Anamika Dubey: Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
Alexis Manuel Faneite Noguera: Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Zulia, Guajira Avenue, Campus “Dr. Antonio Borjas Romero”, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
Aditi Gupta: Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, Delhi University, Delhi 110021, India
Richa Kothari: Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Jammu, Samba 181143, India
Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya: Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
Ashwani Kumar: Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, M.P., India
Abeer Hashem: Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi: Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah: Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability, 2020, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Water hyacinth is a rapidly growing troublesome aquatic weed plant, which causes eutrophication in water bodies and irreversible damage to the ecological system. In this work, we have investigated the water hyacinth biomass (WHB) hydrolysis efficacy of dilute alkaline (DA) pretreatment followed by biological pretreatment with white-rot fungus Alternaria alternata strain AKJK-2. The effectiveness of the dilute alkaline (DA) and biological pretreatment process on WHB was confirmed by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), and was further visualized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). XRD spectra showed the increase in the crystallinity of pretreated samples, attributed to the elimination of amorphous components as lignin and hemicellulose. FTIR peak analysis of pre-treated WHB showed substantial changes in the absorption of cellulose functional groups and the elimination of lignin signals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed firm, compact, highly ordered, and rigid fibril structures without degradation in the untreated WHB sample, while the pretreated samples exhibited loose, dispersed, and distorted structures. XRD indices (Segal, Landis, and Faneite), and FTIR indices [Hydrogen bond intensity (HBI); Total crystallinity index (TCI); and Lateral order crystallinity (LOI)] results were similar to the aforementioned results, and also showed an increase in the crystallinity both in alkaline and biological pretreatments. Alkaline pretreated WHB, with these indices, also showed the highest crystallinity and a crystalline allomorphs mixture of cellulose I (native) and cellulose II. These results were further validated by the CLSM, wherein fluorescent signals were lost after the pretreatment of WHB over control. Overall, these findings showed the significant potential of integrated assessment tools with chemical and biological pretreatment for large-scale utilization and bioconversion of this potential aquatic weed for bioenergy production.

Keywords: water hyacinth biomass (WHB); sustainability; sodium hydroxide pretreatment (NaOH); biological pretreatment; crystallinity index; bioethanol (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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