Post-Emergence Herbicides for Effective Weed Management, Enhanced Wheat Productivity, Profitability and Quality in North-Western Himalayas: A ‘Participatory-Mode’ Technology Development and Dissemination

Anil K. Choudhary, D.S. Yadav, Pankaj Sood, Shakuntla Rahi, Kalpana Arya, S.K. Thakur, Ramesh Lal, Subhash Kumar, Jagdev Sharma, Anchal Dass, Subhash Babu, R.S. Bana, D.S. Rana, Adarsh Kumar, Sudhir K. Rajpoot, Gaurendra Gupta, Anil Kumar, Harish M.N., A.U. Noorzai, G.A. Rajanna, Mohammad Halim Khan, V.K. Dua and Raj Singh
Additional contact information
Anil K. Choudhary: Farm Science Centre, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Sundernagar 175019, India
D.S. Yadav: Farm Science Centre, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Sundernagar 175019, India
Pankaj Sood: Farm Science Centre, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Sundernagar 175019, India
Shakuntla Rahi: Farm Science Centre, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Sundernagar 175019, India
Kalpana Arya: Farm Science Centre, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Sundernagar 175019, India
S.K. Thakur: Farm Science Centre, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Sundernagar 175019, India
Ramesh Lal: Farm Science Centre, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Kukumseri 175142, Lahaul & Spiti, India
Subhash Kumar: Farm Science Centre, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Sundernagar 175019, India
Jagdev Sharma: Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
Anchal Dass: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
Subhash Babu: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
R.S. Bana: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
D.S. Rana: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
Adarsh Kumar: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
Sudhir K. Rajpoot: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
Gaurendra Gupta: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
Anil Kumar: Farm Science Centre, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Sundernagar 175019, India
Harish M.N.: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
A.U. Noorzai: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
G.A. Rajanna: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
Mohammad Halim Khan: Attara PG College, Bundelkhand University, Atarra 210201, Uttar Pradesh, India
V.K. Dua: Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
Raj Singh: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 10, 1-22

Abstract: ‘Participatory-mode’ adaptive research was conducted in wheat in north-western Himalayas (NWH) during 2008–2014 to develop an improved chemical weed management (ICWM) technology. First of all, two years ‘on-farm experimentation’ was performed in a randomized block design at 10 locations in NWH using seven treatments (Clodinafop @ 60 g a.i./ha (Clod); Clod followed by 2,4-D (Na-salt) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha (Clod-fb-D); Isoproturon 75 WP @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha (Iso); Iso + D; Sulfosulfuron 75% WG @ 25 g a.i./ha + Metsulfuron 5% WG @ 2 g a.i./ha (Sulf + Met); weed-free-check; and un-weeded-check). In this study, the post-emergence application of Sulf + Met reported the lowest weed-index and NPK depletion by weeds with higher weed control efficiency (86.4%), weed control index (81.1%) and herbicide efficiency index (2.62) over other herbicides. Sulf + Met exhibited significantly higher wheat productivity (3.57 t/ha), protein yield, net-returns and water-productivity, which was followed by Iso + D and Clod-fb-D, all of which remained statistically at par with each other. An impact assessment of intensive technology-transfer programme (2008–2014) revealed a higher technology adoption rate (71–98%) of ICWM leading to higher wheat productivity (~22%) and net income gains (2.8–26.4%) in NWH. Overall, Sulf + Met proved highly effective against mixed weed flora in wheat to boost wheat productivity, profitability, quality and water productivity in addition to a higher technology adoption rate and NIGs to transform rural livelihoods in NWH.

Keywords: herbicide-efficiency-index; sulfosulfuron; technology adoption rate; technology-transfer; weed control efficiency; wheat productivity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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