Water Storage in Dry Riverbeds of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects of Sand Dam Technology

Bisrat Ayalew Yifru, Min-Gyu Kim, Jeong-Woo Lee, Il-Hwan Kim, Sun-Woo Chang and Il-Moon Chung
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Bisrat Ayalew Yifru: Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
Min-Gyu Kim: Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
Jeong-Woo Lee: Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
Il-Hwan Kim: Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
Sun-Woo Chang: Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
Il-Moon Chung: Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 11, 1-17

Abstract: Augmenting water availability using water-harvesting structures is of importance in arid and semi-arid regions (ASARs). This paper provides an overview and examines challenges and prospects of the sand dam application in dry riverbeds of ASARs. The technology filters and protects water from contamination and evaporation with low to no maintenance cost. Sand dams improve the socio-economy of the community and help to cope with drought and climate change. However, success depends on the site selection, design, and construction. The ideal site for a sand dam is at a transition between mountains and plains, with no bend, intermediate slope, and impermeable riverbed in a catchment with a slope greater than 2°. The spillway dimensioning considers the flow velocity, sediment properties, and storage target, and the construction is in multi-stages. Recently, the failure of several sand dams because of incorrect siting, evaporation loss, and one-stage construction were reported. Revision of practitioners’ manuals by considering catchment scale hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics, spillway height, and sediment transport are recommended. Research shows that protected wells have better water quality than open wells and scoop holes. Therefore, the community should avoid open defecation, pit latrines, tethering of animals, and applying pesticides near the sand dam.

Keywords: sand dam; runoff harvesting; groundwater recharge; arid and semi-arid regions; dry riverbed (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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