Legal Protection Schemes for Free-Flowing Rivers in Europe: An Overview

Tobias Schäfer
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Tobias Schäfer: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 11, 1-31

Abstract: Most of Europe’s rivers are highly fragmented by barriers. This study examines legal protection schemes, that specifically aim at preserving the free-flowing character of rivers. Based on national legislation, such schemes are found in seven European countries: Slovenia, Finland, Sweden, France and Spain as well as Norway and Iceland. The study provides an overview of the individual schemes and their respective scope, compares their protection mechanisms and assesses their effectiveness. As Europe’s the remaining free-flowing rivers are threatened by hydropower and other development, the need for effective legal protection, comparable to the designation of Wild and Scenic Rivers in the United States, is urgent. Similarly, any ambitious strategy for the restoration of free-flowing rivers should be complemented with a mechanism for their permanent protection once dams and other barriers are removed. The investigated legal protection schemes constitute a starting point for envisioning a more cohesive European network of strictly protected free-flowing rivers.

Keywords: free-flowing rivers; strict protection; protected areas; legal river protection schemes; river nature reserves; dam removal; river restoration; EU Biodiversity Strategy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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