Analysis of Lightning-Induced Voltages Effect with SPD Placement for Sustainable Operation in Hybrid Solar PV-Battery Energy Storage System

Nor Izzati Ahmad, Zaipatimah Ali, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir, Miszaina Osman, Nur Hazirah Zaini and Muhammad Hakirin Roslan
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Nor Izzati Ahmad: Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Putrajaya Campus, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
Zaipatimah Ali: Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Putrajaya Campus, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir: Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Putrajaya Campus, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
Miszaina Osman: Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Putrajaya Campus, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
Nur Hazirah Zaini: Power, High Voltage, and Energy (PHIVE) Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
Muhammad Hakirin Roslan: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 12, 1-23

Abstract: This paper discusses the lightning-induced voltage effect on a hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage system with the presence of surge protection devices (SPD). Solar PV functions by utilizing solar energy, in generating electricity, to supply to the customer. To ensure its consistency, battery energy storage is introduced to cater to the energy demand. For the countries located at the Equator, lightning has always become a major issue for the system to operate at maximum efficiency, due to its nature of installation in open space areas where the equipment may suffer serious damage that may stop the operation abruptly. To minimize the possible damages, insulation coordination on the lightning protection system is needed. Hence, three case studies, i.e., lightning current amplitude, lightning strike distance, and cable length are presented in this paper, which the quantified analysis is taking into account, to identify the performance of the system with the single installation of SPD Class II at DC and AC sides. The simulation results have contributed towards a better understanding of the importance of SPDs, and the need to properly coordinate according to the standard, taking into account the quantified information obtained from this work, hence providing the necessity of proper installation of SPD will provide better maintenance and prolong the lifespan of the equipment.

Keywords: hybrid solar PV; battery energy storage; lightning-induced voltage; insulation coordination; surge protection device; lightning strike distance; lightning current amplitude; cable length; quantify analysis; EMTP-RV (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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