Castor Leaves-Based Biochar for Adsorption of Safranin from Textile Wastewater

Muhammad Suleman, Muhammad Zafar, Ashfaq Ahmed, Muhammad Usman Rashid, Sadiq Hussain, Abdul Razzaq, Nur Atikah Mohidem, Tahir Fazal, Bilal Haider and Young-Kwon Park
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Muhammad Suleman: Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
Muhammad Zafar: Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Ashfaq Ahmed: School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
Muhammad Usman Rashid: Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Sadiq Hussain: Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan
Abdul Razzaq: Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Nur Atikah Mohidem: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Tahir Fazal: Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
Bilal Haider: Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Young-Kwon Park: School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 12, 1-18

Abstract: The prospect of synthesizing biochar from agricultural wastes or by-products to utilize them as a promising adsorbent material is increasingly gaining attention. This research work focuses on synthesizing biochar from castor biomass (CBM) and evaluating its potential as an adsorbent material. Castor biomass-based biochar (CBCs) prepared by the slow pyrolysis process at different temperatures (CBC400 °C, CBC500 °C, and CBC600 °C for 1 h) was investigated for the adsorption of textile dye effluents (safranin). The pyrolysis temperature played a key role in enhancing the morphology, and the crystallinity of the biochar which are beneficial for the uptake of safranin. The CBC600 adsorbent showed a higher safranin dye removal (99.60%) and adsorption capacity (4.98 mg/g) than CBC500 (90.50% and 4.52 mg/g), CBC400 (83.90% and 4.20 mg/g), and castor biomass (CBM) (64.40% and 3.22 mg/g). Adsorption data fitted better to the Langmuir isotherm model than to the Freundlich isotherm model. The kinetics of the adsorption process was described well using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The study on the effect of the contact time for the adsorption process indicated that for CBC600, 80% dye removal occurred in the first 15 min of the contact time. After three regeneration cycles, CBC600 exhibited the highest dye removal efficiency (64.10%), highlighting the enhanced reusability of CBCs. The crystalline patterns, functional binding sites, and surface areas of the prepared CBCs (CBC400, CBC500, CBC600) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements, respectively.

Keywords: adsorption; biochar; castor biomass; safranin dye; wastewater treatment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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