Recent Discovery of Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson in Italy: Characterization of ALS-Resistant Populations and Sensitivity to Alternative Herbicides

Andrea Milani, Silvia Panozzo, Silvia Farinati, Duilio Iamonico, Maurizio Sattin, Donato Loddo and Laura Scarabel
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Andrea Milani: Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
Silvia Panozzo: Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
Silvia Farinati: Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
Duilio Iamonico: Department of Planning, Design, and Technology of Architecture (PDTA), University of Rome Sapienza, 00196 Rome, Italy
Maurizio Sattin: Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
Donato Loddo: Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
Laura Scarabel: Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), 35020 Legnaro, Italy

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 13, 1-8

Abstract: Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson (Amaranthaceae Juss.) is a dioecious noxious weed, native to the Americas, which infests summer crops. It causes high crop losses, and rapidly evolves resistance to herbicides. In Europe, A. palmeri was recorded mostly as a casual alien, but in 2018 it was reported infesting a soybean field in Italy, and the next year two more populations were found in the same area. Experiments were conducted on these three populations to evaluate the resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides, to determine the main resistance mechanisms involved and assess the efficacy of alternative herbicides with different sites of action than ALS. The three populations were confirmed cross-resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides (thifensulfuron-methyl and imazamox). Gene sequencing identified a Trp to Leu substitution at position 574 of ALS gene in resistant plants, proving that the main resistance mechanism for the three populations is target-site related. The presence of other resistance mechanisms cannot be excluded. Metobromuron, metribuzin and glyphosate are still effective on these populations.

Keywords: herbicide resistance; palmer amaranth; alternative herbicides; soybean (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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