Barriers to the Practice of Sport and Physical Activity from the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory

Daniel Gil-Píriz, Marta Leyton-Román, Sara Mesquita and Ruth Jiménez-Castuera
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Daniel Gil-Píriz: Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
Marta Leyton-Román: Sport of Studies Center, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Madrid, Spain
Sara Mesquita: Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação e Intervenção em Desporto, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Oporto, Portugal
Ruth Jiménez-Castuera: Didactic and Behavioral Analysis in Sport Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 14, 1-11

Abstract: The practice of sport and physical activity can be hampered by the presence of amotivation, the frustration of basic psychological needs, and barriers to carrying out that practice. Based on the principles of self-determination theory (SDT), the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of these variables and assess differences based on age, sex, residential independence, academic/employment situation, and prior sport and physical activity. The sample comprised 102 individuals, aged between 18 and 25 ( M = 21.61; SD = 2.04), who completed the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire, the Frustration of Psychological Needs in Physical Exercise Scale, and the Self-Perceived Barriers of Physical Activity Questionnaire. Our results showed that participants had high values of controlled motivation, the frustration of the basic psychological need for competence, and high values for the barrier of obligations/lack of time. We found a significant and positive association between the frustration of the basic psychological need for competence and the barriers present in the practice of physical activity. Moreover, we found that women reported experiencing body image/anxiety as a barrier to practicing sport and physical activity more than men and individuals aged 22–25 years experiencing obligations/lack of time as a barrier more than the those aged 18 to 21 years. Practical applications were proposed to avoid the frustration of basic psychological needs, increase the most self-determined forms of motivation, and reduce barriers to the practice of sport and physical activity.

Keywords: self-determined motivation; frustrated basic psychological needs; barriers to practice; sport and physical activity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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