Does Retail Food Diversity in Urban Food Environments Influence Consumer Diets?

Christine G. Kiria Chege, Rosina Wanyama, Mark Lundy, Wilson Nguru and Matthias Jäger
Additional contact information
Christine G. Kiria Chege: Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Africa Hub, Nairobi, Kenya, Nairobi P.O. Box 823-00621, Kenya
Rosina Wanyama: World Vegetable Centre, East and Southern Africa, Arusha P.O. Box 10, Tanzania
Mark Lundy: Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Regional Office for the Americas, Km 17, Recta Cali-Palmira 763537, Colombia
Wilson Nguru: Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Africa Hub, Nairobi, Kenya, Nairobi P.O. Box 823-00621, Kenya
Matthias Jäger: Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Regional Office for the Americas, Km 17, Recta Cali-Palmira 763537, Colombia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 14, 1-15

Abstract: The food environment influences consumer diets in significant yet underexplored ways. In this study, we assess the way in which the Nairobi urban food environment—availability, accessibility, affordability, desirability, convenience and marketing—influences the dietary choices and quality of poor urban consumers, by combining market-level diversity scores (MLDS) with household and individual data collected from resource-poor (slum) neighbourhoods in Nairobi, Kenya. We find that urban-poor settings are characterized by a variety of food retail venues, including informal markets such as kiosks, mom-and-pop shops and tabletop vendors, as well as modern retail outlets such as supermarkets. Most of these food outlets predominantly sell unhealthy, highly-processed and energy-dense foods rather than nutritious foods such as vegetables, fruits and animal products. Our analyses show that supermarkets have the highest MLDS, yet they do not significantly influence the diets of resource-poor households. However, a high MLDS among informal retail outlets has a positive association with diet quality; conversely, open-air markets have a negative association. The nutritional status of urban-poor consumers can be improved by promoting the diversification of healthy, nutritious foods across traditional retail outlets and improving accessibility of the outlets to consumers.

Keywords: food environment; market-level dietary diversity (MLDS); individual dietary diversity; household dietary diversity; urban-poor consumers; Kenya (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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