Exploring Fruit Tree Species as Multifunctional Greenery: A Case of Its Distribution in Indonesian Cities

Edi Santosa, Anas Dinurrohman Susila, Winarso Drajad Widodo, Nizar Nasrullah, Ismi Puji Ruwaida and Rismita Sari
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Edi Santosa: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Anas Dinurrohman Susila: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Winarso Drajad Widodo: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Nizar Nasrullah: Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Ismi Puji Ruwaida: Department of Agrotechnology, Polytechnic on Agriculture Development, Bogor 16119, Indonesia
Rismita Sari: Bogor Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Bogor 16122, Indonesia

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 14, 1-23

Abstract: Planting multifunctional trees (e.g., fruit species) in cities can promote genetic conservation, economic activity, ecosystem services, and social cohesion. However, in Indonesia, the relationship between the abundance of fruit tree species and different city characteristics, including their involvement in the national smart city project, is still unknown. In this study, published reports and field surveys were used to evaluate the fruit tree distribution and its relationship with the characteristics of 224 of 514 Indonesian cities in order to identify tree species for multifunctional city greenery. This is the first study on the distribution of fruit tree species at the national level. The study identified 151 fruit species of 90 genera and 40 families, including large-sized fruits, such as avocados, breadfruit, coconuts, durians, jackfruit, and mangos. On average, cities contained 54 tree species, of which 21 (38.9%) were fruit trees. These findings indicate that cities are important contributors to the genetic conservation of local fruit trees, which can be further evaluated as new city greenery. However, a city’s involvement in the smart city project bore no relationship ( p > 0.05) with the number of identified fruit species. Conversely, non-fruit species tended to be more diverse in smart cities. Since the presence of fruit species is associated with the city population, geographic position, climate, altitude, and attitude towards the fragility of sustainable conservation, introducing and maintaining these species as city greenery requires advocacy to city stakeholders.

Keywords: city characteristic; city vision; fruit tree; genetic conservation; hazard level; tropical city (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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