Anthropic Effects on the Biodiversity of the Habitats of Ferula gummosa

Parviz Moradi, Farhad Aghajanloo, Ahmad Moosavi, Hossein Hosseini Monfared, Jafar Khalafi, Mehdi Taghiloo, Tooraj Khoshzaman, Mohammad Shojaee and Andrea Mastinu
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Parviz Moradi: Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan 45195, Iran
Farhad Aghajanloo: Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan 45195, Iran
Ahmad Moosavi: Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan 45195, Iran
Hossein Hosseini Monfared: Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan 45195, Iran
Jafar Khalafi: Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan 45195, Iran
Mehdi Taghiloo: Department of Education Zanjan, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195, Iran
Tooraj Khoshzaman: Department of Education Zanjan, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195, Iran
Mohammad Shojaee: Department of Education Zanjan, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195, Iran
Andrea Mastinu: Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 14, 1-13

Abstract: The uncontrolled exploitation of soil and plants by people has generated important ecological imbalances all over the world. This manuscript focuses its attention on the ecosystem of Ferula gummosa (FG) . FG belongs to the Apiaceae family and has a vast distribution from central Asia to South Africa, as well as northwest Iran, including the Zanjan Province. This plant has diverse applications across industrial, forage and medicinal fields. To investigate the effective factors on the FG distribution, four main natural habitats were selected based on field visits and a literature review. Then, environmental factors, such as climate features, topography conditions, and soil characteristics, were collected and analysed. According to the results, the slope is mainly north-northeast with a slope of 55 to 70 degrees, and an elevation range above 2200 m is suitable for the growth of FG in the Zanjan Province. The main companion plants were Silene bupleuroides L. and Thymus kotschyanus . The results show that in the habitats where FG grew, the soil was mostly shallow, sometimes semi-deep and consisting mainly of loam, loamy sand, loamy clay and mostly clay loam with very low salinity (less than 0.7 dS/m), and was in the neutral range of soil acidity (6.9 to 7.33). Soil organic carbon was relatively high, but the amount of nutrients, such as phosphorus and potassium, was less than optimal in these soils. Next, using a Geographic Information System (GIS), maps of homogeneous areas for possible FG establishment across the province were created. In conclusion, the main factors affecting the FG distribution in the Zanjan Province were land use conversion, harvesting fodder and grazing livestock, improper exploitation of rangelands, pests and diseases of Ferula gummosa in the region. The ecological data collected on FG may be useful to understand how human action can affect the existence and extinction of many plant species.

Keywords: Ferula gummosa; eco-distribution; rangeland; ecology; Zanjan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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