Examining the Relative Impact of Drivers on Energy Input for Municipal Water Supply in Africa

Pauline Macharia, Maria Wirth, Paul Yillia and Norbert Kreuzinger
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Pauline Macharia: Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, 1040 Vienna, Austria
Maria Wirth: Alchemia-Nova GmbH, 1140 Vienna, Austria
Paul Yillia: International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
Norbert Kreuzinger: Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, 1040 Vienna, Austria

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 15, 1-27

Abstract: This study examines supply-side and demand-side drivers of municipal water supply and describes how they interact to impact energy input for municipal water supply in Africa. Several key compound indicators were parameterized to generate cluster centers using k-means cluster analysis for 52 countries in Africa to show the impact of water supply–demand drivers on municipal water supply and associated energy input. The cluster analysis produced impact scores with five cluster centers that grouped countries with similar key compound indicators and impact scores. Three countries (Gambia, Libya, & Mauritius) were classified as outliers. Libya presented a unique case with the highest impact score on energy input for raw water abstraction, associated with largescale pumping from deep groundwater aquifers. Multivariate analysis of the key indicators for 20 countries in sub-Saharan Africa that are either water-secure or water-stressed illustrate the relative impact of drivers on energy input for municipal water supply. The analytical framework developed presents an approach to assessing the impact of drivers on energy input for municipal water supply, and the findings could be used to support planning processes to build resilient drinking water infrastructure in developing countries with data challenges.

Keywords: drivers and indicators; energy input; municipal water supply; water demand; water–energy nexus (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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