Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Basmati Rice: Implications for Public Health

Farah Tariq, Xiukang Wang, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Kafeel Ahmad, Ifra Saleem Malik, Mudasra Munir, Shehzadi Mahpara, Naunain Mehmood, Tasneem Ahmad, Hafsa Memona, Ilker Ugulu, Sajid Fiaz and Shafaqat Ali
Additional contact information
Farah Tariq: Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Xiukang Wang: College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem: MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Zafar Iqbal Khan: Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Kafeel Ahmad: Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Ifra Saleem Malik: Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Mudasra Munir: Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Shehzadi Mahpara: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
Naunain Mehmood: Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Tasneem Ahmad: Thathi Pak Farm House, Toba Tek Sigh 36070, Pakistan
Hafsa Memona: Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 40050, Pakistan
Ilker Ugulu: Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak 64100, Turkey
Sajid Fiaz: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
Shafaqat Ali: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 15, 1-13

Abstract: Basmati rice is increasingly recognized and consumed in different parts of the world due to its different tastes and nutritional properties. This research focused on determining the cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) content in locally grown basmati rice in Pakistan and assessing the risks of these values to human health. Root, shoot and grain samples of basmati rice were taken, along with soil samples from the five regions studied. Metal mean concentrations (mg/kg) in grains fluctuated from 2.70 to 9.80 for Cd, 4.80 to 9.85 for Zn, 1.16 to 1.46 for Cu, 1.84 to 10.86 for Co, 2.05 to 13.07 for Fe, 5.03 to 11.11 for Mn and 3.24 to 13.28 for Ni, respectively. All metal values were within permissible limits except for Cd. The enrichment factor for Cd was highest among all sites. Cobalt and zinc had the highest bioaccumulation factor and translocation factor. The highest enrichment factor was noticed for Cd and the lowest for Cu. The health risk index at all examined sites was less than one. Consistent examination is recommended to limit health hazards instigated by the use of rice polluted with a greater concentration of Cd.

Keywords: Basmati; daily intake of metals; contamination factor; Oryza sativa; trace element (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (10)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/15/8513/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/15/8513/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:15:p:8513-:d:604934

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().